EMT Practice Test

1. Question Content...

---

Question1: Editorial: Since our city's airport is too small to handle increasing air traffic, analysts propose building a second airport to benefit our city's economy by allowing more flights and hence attracting more visitors. But this plan would not succeed. If flights to different cities were inconveniently divided between two airports, fewer travelers would make flight connections in our city.
Which of the following would, if true, most seriously weaken the editorial's argument that the plan would not succeed'

Question2: Research biologist Sofie Salama's team is looking for regions of the human genome that distinguish humans from chimps and contain genes once active in our ancestors, but being no longer beneficial to humans, so they have become inactive and riddled with mutations.

Question3: Eric bought 7 T-shirts, each at the retail price of $6.91. If he paid a 6% sales tax on the total of the retail prices of the 7 T-shirts, what was the total amount, including tax, he paid for the T-shirts?

Question4: According to the passage, the majority of the pairings observed in Sommer's study exhibited postconflict affinity under what conditions?

Question5: Percy Julian's research on the industrial synthesis erf soybeans Into steroids and the low mator contributions to twentieth-century chemistry

Question6: The author of the passage most clearly agrees with the claim that the ancestor of all Indo-European languages

Question7: The information in the passage most strongly implies which of the following?

Question8:

Question9: Purina her lifetime, when her 1922 book Etiquette was running second only to the Bible in United States sales.
Emily Post was ridiculed as a period-piece snob focused on minutiae, even though her book argued against snobbery.

Question10: The primary purpose of the passage is to

Question11: Job candidates are prescreened through using administrative plus management skills assessments.

Question12: The scientists say the newly discovered caverns range from 330 to 825 feet wider from at least 425 feet deep, and have named them after family members and friends.

Question13: Although mistaken in assuming a geocentric universe, the astronomer, mathematician, and geographer Ptolemy created works during the first century AD that remain impressive even today for their comprehensive attention to natural phenomena.

Question14: Geraldine: The medical profession claims that it is constantly refining its diagnostic techniques so as to improve its ability to treat those who are ill, but I suspect that this is all Just obfuscation. Anyone who really wants to know why medical diagnoses have increased in recent years need look only at the tremendous amount of money that is made manufacturing, advertising, and distributing drugs.
Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating Geraldine's explanation?

Question15: If 10 circles, all with different radii, are positioned in the same plane, what is the maximum possible number of distinct points where 2 or more of the circles intersect?

Question16: Motor-scooter dealers attribute a drastic decline in sales over the last few years to a new law requiring motor-scooter riders to wear helmets. Previously, helmets had been obligatory for motorcycle riders but not for motor-scooter riders-a difference that the dealers argue made scooters preferable for many customers. Safety advocates, however, dispute the dealers' explanation, pointing out that the law's introduction coincided with a large increase in the cost of mandatory insurance for both types of vehicle.
In evaluating the safety advocates' and the dealers' explanations, it would be most helpful to know which of the following?

Question17: Civil disobedience fan make a political point by refusing to copy restrictive regulations, answer a summons or In not cooperating with authorities such as the police.

Question18:

Question19: Elena has worked as a real estate agent for exactly 3 years-Years 1, 2, and 3. In Year 1, she sold exactly 16 properties. She sold more properties In Year 2 than in Year 1, and more properties In Year 3 than In Year 2.
The average (arithmetic mean) number of properties she sold per year for the 3 years was 19.
Select a number for Year 2and a number for Year 3that could be the total numbers of properties Elena sold in Year 2 and in Year 3, respectively, so that the selections are Jointly consistent with the information provided.
Make only two selections, one In each column.

Question20: If k is a constant, what is the slope of the line with equation

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question21: The purpose of biosonar systems is to determine the distance, velocity and location, and even identity perhaps, of things moving underwater.

Question22: Which of the following is the best example of the profound changes in corporate strategy and structure discussed In the second paragraph?

Question23: If the least number in set A is equal to the least number in set B, what is the difference when the median of the numbers in set A is subtracted from the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers in set B?
(1) Set A consists of 5 consecutive integers and set 5 consists of 6 consecutive integers.
(2) The greatest number in set B is 1 more than the greatest number in set A

Question24:

1) The range of the seven term is 5.
2)

Question25: last year Country X generated 3 times as many kilowatt-hours of electricity as Country Y, but both countries generated the same amount of electricity from nuclear power plants. If Country X generated * percent of Its electricity from nuclear power plants, what percent of Country Y*s electricity was generated from nuclear power plants?
A)

B)

C)

D)
2k
E)
3k

Question26: What amount. In dollars, Invested for one year at an interest rate of 2 percent compounded semiannually would produce the same final balance at the end of the year as $10,000 Invested for one year at an interest rate of 4 percent compounded quarterly?

Question27: Medical researcher: A study tracked fluid consumption by thousands of middle-aged peopte for several years.
During the study, the people who drank the least fluid were the most Beefy to develop kidney disease. Thus, for such peopte, increasing dairy fluid consumption is likely to prevent the development of kidney disease.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the medical researcher's argument?

Question28: When new regulations were imposed on businesses selling in the same markets as Acme Inc. and the demographics began to change unfavorably for its main product: there was very little that it could have done different in the short term.

Question29: A region in a plane is said to be convex if, for every two points in the region, the line segment joining the two points is completely contained in the region. If a sector of a circle has a central angle with degree measure m >
0, which of the following determines the set of all values of m (less than 360) for which the sector is convex?

Question30:
A scientist collected eight samples (Samples 1-8) from various surfaces in a laboratory to test for the presence of defferent types of bacteria For each of the samples, the graph shows the relative abundance of each of three types of bacteria (Bacteria X, Y, and Z) detected in the sample, as a percentage of all Bacteria X, Y, and Z detected In the sample.
Select the options from each drop-down menu that create the most accurate statement based on the information provided.

Question31:
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
0

Question32:

Question33: In good times, an auction is the obvious choice for colectors wanting to sell a work of art, but A did just a few short months ago.

Question34: A quantity of solution that is 3% salt by volume was mixed with a quantity of solution that is 9% salt by volume to produce a quantity of solution that is 4% salt by volume. How many liters of the 9% solution were used?
(1) The quantity of 3% solution was 5 times the quantity of 9% solution.
(2) The quantity of 4% solution produced was 150 liters.

Question35: The range and standard deviation of the numbers In list Ware equal to /and s, respectively. What is the value of s?

Question36:
In the figure shown, what is the value of x?

Question37: Question:

Question38: If y > 1, yz < -1, and -1< xy < 0, which of the following is the correct ordering of x, y, and z?

Question39: If n is positive integer, which of the following could be 3?
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)
0

Question40: At a carnival game, a winning player spins a wheel that always lands on either Prize 1 or Prize 2 to determine which of the two prizes he or she wins. The probability that the prize wheel indicates Prize 2 Is double the probability that It indicates Prize 1. If a player does not want the prize that the prize wheel first indicates, then he or she may spin the wheel again. In such cases, the player must accept whichever prize the prize wheel indicates on the second spin.
Select for Prize I the number nearest to the probability that a winning player who wants Prize 1 will receive Prize 1 after one or two spins of the prize wheel, and select for Prize ^the number nearest to the probability that a winning player who wants Prize 2 will receive Prize 2 after one or two spins of the prize wheel. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question41: West River Glen is deciding which network architecture should replace its old copper telephone lines. The town will replace 300 miles of Outside Plant (OSP) cable that will serve approximately 2,500 homes.
The first option is to install a Fiber to the Home (FTTH) system architecture that uses fiber-optic cable to transmit signals from the source to each home. The advantages of this architecture include greater bandwidth capabilities, less signal loss, and slightly lower new-cable deployment costs than the second option. Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC).
An HFC network integrates fiber-optic cables and devices with coaxial cables.
This will cost the town substantially less money for internal equipment and for customer installations.
However, the coaxial cable does not last as long as fiberoptic cable and will thus need to be replaced more frequently, resulting in higher long-term maintenance expenses.
The town believes that either the FTTH or HFC architectures will be capable of serving the communities' data and television needs for the next 30 years.
For each of the following statements, select Supported'if the statement is supported by the information given.
Otherwise, select Not supported.

Question42: P, Q, and R are points in the xy-coordinate plane. If the coordinates of Q are (2,3), what is the length of line segment PQ?
(1)
The length of line segment QR is 3.
(2)
The length of line segment PR is 3.

Question43: A study examining ninety large cities found that in those with more kilometers of bicycle paths and roadway bicycle lanes per capita, higher percentages of the population commute to work by bicycle. For this reason the study concluded that adding bicycle paths and lanes is an effective way to encourage commuters to bicycle rather than drive.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the reasoning in the study'

Question44: Does the positive integer n have at least four positive prime factors?

Question45: Jan and 5 of his friends sold candy bars to raise money for their school trip. Jan sold 20 bars and each of his 5 friends sold at least one bar. Did Jan sell more candy bars than each of at least 3 of his friends?
(1) The median of the number of bars sold by Jan's 5 friends is 18.
(2) The average (arithmetic mean) of the number of bars sokf by Jan's 5 friends is 12.

Question46: Acme Software plans to release a partial version of its X software, which will be the same as the full version except that some features will be disabled and K wM cost half as much. Company executives believe marketing both products at once will substantially increase profits. They think some customers who would not have bought the full version will buy the partial version. Profits from seeing to those customers, they believe, will exceed the money lost by selling the partial version to customers who would have paid more for the full version if it were the only one avalabie.
Which of the following would, if true, provide the strongest reason to doubt that Acme Software's plan will result in higher profits?

Question47:

Question48:

Question49:

Question50: The author implies that if, in the experiment described in the second paragraph, the parasitic wasps had been drawn to the plants after they had been damaged by a razor blade but without application of oral secretions from the caterpillar, then scientists would likely have concluded which of the following?
Wasps are attracted to the plants by the grassy odor released as the caterpillars feed on the plants' leaves.

Question51: In a certain corporation, the ratio of the number of vice presidents to the number of directors is equal to the ratio of the number of directors to the number of senior-level managers. If there are 8 vice presidents and 12 directors in the corporation, what is the ratio of the number of vice presidents to the number of senior-level managers?

Question52: The decision-making model is unique in not only making prescriptions about proper leader behavkx while arriving at decisions but also gives prescriptions for the decision maker to follow.

Question53: Until the Apollo astronauts brought samples of lunar material to Earth during 1966-72, scientists believed that the Moon's surface was largely undisturbed, given its dry, airless environment. Examination of the samples has shown otherwise. Micrometeorites, many smaller than a pencil point, constantly rain onto the Moon at up to
100,000 kilometers per hour, chipping materials or forming microscopic craters. Some melt the soil and vaporize and recondense as glassy coats on other specks of dust. Impacts weld debris into lumps of heterogeneous matter called "agglutinates." Complicated interactions with solar particle streams convert iron into myriads of microscopic iron grains. The regdith-pebbles, sand, and dust-from these erosion processes blankets the Moon. Much of the top layer consists of a complex abrasive dust of microscopic glass shards that can grind machinery and sealing devices and damage human lungs.
The Apollo specimens held by the United States are doled out in ultra-small samples to scientists who demonstrate that nothing else will suffice for high-value experiments. Renewed interest In lunar exploration in the late 1980s meant that materials designed to simulate lunar regolith-simulants-were needed for research to develop schemes for lunar building and procedures for extracting elements such as oxygen found abundantly in regolith. That led to the development of JSC-1 in 1993, made of volcanic cinder cone from a quarry in Arizona in the U.S. The more than 22 metric tons made was in high demand. Efforts are now afoot to manufacture 16 metric tons of JSC-1 A, with 1 ton of fine grains, 14 tons of moderately fine, and 1 ton of coarse.
The reason cited in the passage for developing a few root simulants (see highlighting) is

Question54: A certain local bakery operates 7 days a week. On Monday of next week, the bakery will begin a new schedule for baking 3 specialty breads. Under the new schedule, millet bread will be baked on Monday of next week and will be baked again every other day thereafter (Wednesday, Friday, and so on). Seven-grain bread will also be baked on Monday of next week, and will be baked again every third day thereafter (Thursday, Sunday, and so on). Pumpernickel bread will be baked on Tuesday of next week and will be baked again every third day thereafter. The schedule will continue indefinitely, and these 3 breads will not be baked at any times other than those specified.
In the table, select First day for none of the J for the day of the week on which, for the first time under the new schedule, none of the 3 specialty breads will be baked; select Second day for none of the 3'forthe day of the week on which, for the second time under the new schedule, none of the 3 specialty breads will be baked.
Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question55: Many large stone heads have been discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica and have facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa, but it does not necessarily suggest that the founders of Olmec civilization came directly from Africa, since many indigenous peoples of countries such as Cambodia and the Philippines have similar characteristics.

Question56: Sizable amounts of ice on the moon could provide future moon dwellers with drinking water and, if they split the water into its atomic components, hydrogen for fuel and oxygen for air. For a decade, scientists have argued about whether there is Ice in the Shaddeton crater located at the moon's south pole. Radar signals reflected off the crater are consistent with one of two scenarios: either the crater contains ice or the crater has a highly rough surface. Many scientists believe that the Shackleton crater does contain ice because_________.
Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the argument above?

Question57: Of the coins in a certain collection, 30 percent were issued more than ten years ago and 45 percent are foreign.
Of the foreign coins, 20 percent were issued more than ten
years ago. If there are 1,500 coins in the collection, how many are foreign coins that were issued ten years ago or less?

Question58: For a certain cube, 3 deferent edges that do not at meet at a single vertex are to be painted red. How many different selections of the 3 different edges to be painted red are possible?

Question59: Incumbents in the United States House of Representatives who spend large amounts of money on a reelection campaign usually lose, whereas those who spend relatively little money usually win. Thus, heavy campaign spending is detrimental to an incumbent's reelection campaign.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

Question60:
Television picture quality improves as resolution increases. However, the resolution at which a given improvement in resolution becomes visible varies with the distance of the viewer from the screen. As a viewer moves closer to the screen, a given improvement in resolution eventually becomes noticeable, finally conferring its "full benefit" at a point at which moving closer would not improve the viewing experience.
On the graph, 480p, 720p, 1080p, and 1440p represent four common degrees of resolution: greater numbers indicate greater numbers of pixels on the screen and thus greater resolution. Shaded portions show the distances at which these resolutions become noticeable, while the broken lines show the maximum distances at which a viewer with normal eyesight would be expected to experience full benefit-all as a function of screen size. For each resolution and screen size shown, there is a small gap between the maximum distance for full benefit from the resolution and the minimum distance for noticeable benefit from the next higher resolution.
(Note: 3 feet is roughly 1 meter, and 1 inch is roughly 2.5 centimeters.)
Assuming that the information contained in the graphic correctly applies to all viewers, select from the drop-down menus the options making the statements most accurate.

Question61: Suppose that m and n are two positive integers such that m< n, their least common multiple is 294, and their greatest common divisor is 7. In the table, select a value for m and a value for n that are jointly consistent with the given information. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question62: ABC has sides whose lengths, in centimeters, are x, y, and z. If x < y < z, is ABC a right triangle?

Question63:

Question64: A meteorite found in the Alan Hills ol Antarctica is only the tenth meteorite known to have originated from Mars and the first one known to be farmed beneath the Martian surface.

Question65:
In the xy-plane shown, the length of the hypotenuse of right triangle ABC is 39. If the slope of the hypotenuse is 12/5, what is the length of side BC?

Question66: It can be inferred from the passage that if Cope's hypothesis were correct, which of the following would most likely be true concerning salt-affected areas in Victoria?

Question67: For each of the four types of rooms in a certain hotel in June of last year, the table shows the number of rooms of that type in the hotel and the total number of nights booked, such that each night on which any given room is booked counts as one night booked. For example, because there were 10 rooms of the Garden Family type and there were 30 nights in June, the greatest possible number of nights booked for rooms of the Garden Family type was 10 multiplied by 30, or 300 (of which a total of 164 nights were actually booked). A room was considered vacant on any night on which it was not booked.

For each of the following room types in June of last year, select if the average (arithmetic mean) number of vacancies (instances of a particular room being vacant on a particular night) per night for rooms of that type was greater than 2. Otherwise, select

Question68:

Question69: The average (arithmetic mean) of a list of 5 numbers is 50. The sum of 2 numbers in the list is 70 and the sum of 2 other numbers in the list is 110. What is the remaining number in the list?

Question70: Daniel: Historically, railroads substantially altered the course of the United States economy, enabling the country to enjoy unprecedented growth in the nineteenth century.
Robert: It's true that growth required cheap inland transportation, which railroads provided. But with government support similar to the massive land grants that subsidized rapid railroad expansion, canals and roads could have had the same effect.
Which of the following is most likely a point that Robert believes is at issue between Daniel and himself?

Question71: Protectionist trade restrictions harm large segments of society for the benefit of a smaller segment. For example, every time the steel industry asks for tariffs on steel Imports from foreign countries, someone correctly points out that if that wish were granted, it would harm the United States auto industry and other steel users, not to mention consumers. Protectionist trade restrictions serve particular interests and only rarely also the general welfare. But the U.S. Constitution requires the government to serve the general welfare. It follows that__________.
Which of the following best completes the passage?

Question72:
A)

B)

C)

D)

D)

Question73: In an economic downturn, companies tempted to take advantage of Job applicants as unemployment rates rise should reconsider, for such actions could hurt these companies when the economy recovers. Researchers surveyed employees about their experiences as applicants with their current employers. Those who felt they had been treated unfairly during hiring were twice as likely to respond that they were looking for jobs outside their company, even after five years. Among the actions applicants considered unfair were slow responses from employers and pressure to accept offers quickly.
Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the reasoning above?

Question74: Pete made a trip to the beach, of which 80 kilometers were on highway X.
What was Pete's average speed for the trip?
(1)
Pete's average speed for the part of the trip on highway X was 80 kilometers per hour.
(2)
Pete's average speed for the part of the trip not on highway X was 96 kilometers per hour.

Question75: It can be inferred that the author sees informal contact between managers and customers as an example of which of the following?

Question76: When joni, Katrina, and Leah started their business, JKL Enterprises, each contributed an amount of money, in euros. The amounts were in the ratio of 3:5:8, respectively, and the first-year profit of JKL Enterprises was split in the same ratio. Katrina's share of the first-year profit was €5,000.
Select for First-year profit and for Leah's stare amounts In euros that are consistent with the given Information and could be the first-year profit of JKL Enterprises and Leah's share of those profits, respectively. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question77:
(1)x2 + 2y2 =XY
(2)x2 + 2y2-3xy

Question78: As a trained medical doctor and a novelist, playwright, and essayist by vocation, Afro-Colombian Manuel Zapata Olivella abandoned the practice of medicine to pursue his literary career.

Question79: Which of the following does the passage NOT indicate is practiced by one or more companies in emerging markets discussed in the study?

Question80: Even those residents who had not been born in the region, nor were their ancestors, had become fully integrated into the local community.

Question81: Which of the following is a research shortcoming mentioned in the passage that is not addressed in the information provided about Sommer's study?

Question82: When each of the children In a room was given the same number of crayons from a box containing 45 crayons, the number of crayons left in the box was 3 less than the number of children In the room. Which of the following could NOT have been the number of children in the room?

Question83: When fish or mammals ingest the chemical rotenone, enzymes In (he digestive tract metabolize most of it, rendering It harmless, but If enough rotenone enters the bloodstream, It can kill them. Wildlife managers who use rotenone in rivers or lakes to reduce fish populations claim that the practice is harmless to aquatic mammals, but clearly if enough rotenone is used to kill fish, mammals must be at risk too.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Question84:
Anouk worked In the sates department at MMC Cellular Phones from January through December.
The graph shows Anouks sales volume from March through My.
For each of the 4 months, February through May, Anouk's sales increased by a constant number of eel phones over the previous month.

Question85: If = 5 × 10k, what is the value of k?

Question86: Having emerged as the United States' most popular tourist destination by mid-1997, Las Vegas was expecting to end that year hosting more than 32 million visitors, who were estimated to have spent in excess of $22.5 billion.

Question87: The primary purpose of the passage is to

Question88: According to the passage, Edelman has made innovations in the study of which of the following?
i. The behavior of multicelular organs
ii. The molecular structure of
animal and plant tissue
III. The overall structure of
complex organisms

Question89: Which of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?

Question90: Christa, Jada, and Yvette were swimming laps at an outdoor swimming pool.
Christa planned to swim for Cm minutes at a constant speed and swim a total of t~. laps.
Jada planned to swim for Jm minutes at a constant speed and swim a total of Jt laps. Yvette planned to swim for Y minutes at a constant speed and swim a total of Yi laps.
They started swimming at the same time and stopped swimming at the same time when lightning began to occur. If Christa lost 40% of her planned swimming time, which of the 3 swimmers lost the greatest percentage of her planned laps?

Question91: In only a very few of the cases where plants have been said to be engaged in "chemical warfare," such as In the case of knapweed and certain shrubs In California chaparral country, there Is solid evidence that secreted toxins are the inhibitory growth factor acting against neighboring plants.

Question92: When placed on the floor of a room, a rectangular rug that is 5 feet wide and 7 feet long covers all of the floor except for a uniformly 2-foot-wide strip on each side of the rug. What percent of the area of the floor is not covered by the rug?

Question93: Matt and Michelle are at the northwest corner of their school's football field, which is a rectangle 300 ft long and 160 ft wide. Matt walks in a straight line directly to the southeast corner of the field. If Michelle walks 180 ft down the west side of the field and then walks in a straight line directly to the southeast corner of the field, how many feet farther, to the nearest 10 ft, will Michelle walk than Matt?

Question94: Welleby's Plan
The water In the underground water table beneath the town of Welleby is moderately saline-
20,000millkjrarns of salt per liter of water (mg/L), or roughly half as saline as ocean water. To lower the level of the water table and thus prevent agricultural land from being inundated with salt water, the town plans to pump water from the table at a rate of 450kiloliters per day (kL/day) into a large shallow pond, allowing much of the water to evaporate. The town plans to divert 10percent of the water pumped from the water table to supplement Us supply of drinking water, which Is currently piped In from great distances. Due to the water's supply, the town intends to construct a desalination plant to treat the diverted water for use as drinking water.
Desalination Types

Comparison
Welleby is deciding among the following three desalination methods.
Reverse Osmosis (RO): Water Is pushed through a membrane, leaving salts behind. RO systems can handle a large range of water flow rates and use relatively little energy. However, RO membranes are expensive and must be replaced every 2 to 5 years. There is also a possibility that bacteria can grow on the membrane.
Introducing tastes and odors Into the desalinated water.
Multi-Effect Distillation (MED): Saline water Is heated to produce water vapor, from which Is condensed potable fresh water. This process requires large amounts of energy, regardless of the salinity of the source water. It becomes more cost effective as water volumes increase.
Electrodialysis (ED): Electricity is used to selectively move salts through a membrane. Consumption of energy Is directly proportional to the salinity of the water to be treated, so with higher salinities the process rapidly becomes more costly than other methods. ED membranes need to be replaced every 7 to 10years.

Question95: A certain law firm has 28 lawyers and has offices in three states, X, Y, and Z.
Every lawyer in the firm is either Scensed in all three states or is licensed in only one of the three states. If 10 lawyers are kensed in State X, 11 are licensed in State Y, and 13 are licensed in State Z, how many lawyers are licensed only in State Z ?

Question96: The graph shows the mean, the median, and the mode of monthly rents for apartments in a certain European city in 2008, 2009, and 2010. During each of these years, a large number of the residents of this city rented apartments. All of the rents were In whole euros (€).
Select from the drop-down menus the options that create the statement that K most strongly supported by the information provided.

Question97: Because of the positive correlation across animal species between body size and home range size, researchers suspected that body size of female mallards (a species of duck) may influence their home range size. The researchers also reasoned that younger females may be forced into less suitable habitats by older females competing with them for optimal areas, with the younger females compensating by having larger home ranges.
However, their research supported neither suspicion. The failure to detect variation of range size according to body size may be due to other, undetermined mallard attributes (for example, body condition) that may have been a significant factor affecting home range size. The fact that most yearling females can breed may help to explain why the expected age effect was not confirmed, since home range size may be affected by breeding capability.
The researchers did find, however, that home range size of females was Inversely related to the percentage of the study area composed of seasonal or semipermanent wetlands. This may have been because of reduced competition for breeding space within the species when more of the wetlands were present. They also found home range size to decrease somewhat as the percentage of wood-shrub habitat increased, suggesting that reduction in visual contact among mallard pairs may reduce interaction and thus reduce competition among breeding pairs.
The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about mallard competition?

Question98: If m is an integer and m = 1032 - 32, what is the sum of the digits of m?

Question99: Archaeologists have excavated two ancient sites, Site A and Site B, each containing bowls and dishes. A third site containing similar vessels (bowls and dishes), Site C, Is known to have existed but has not yet been located. The vessels have been dated to three successive 40-vear-long time periods (Mil).
The dishes that were found are small and plain and were made primarily for everyday use. For each site, the average population at the site for a period is known to be roughly proportional to the number of dishes found that were dated to that period.
The bowls are more elaborate, decorated In either a curvy or a rectilinear style. They were made primarily for ritual use. The numbers of bowls found indicate the level of wealth of the site's inhabitants during the period to which the bowls were dated (with greater numbers indicating greater wealth).
Documents found at Sites A and B establish that exactly 18 of the dishes found at Site A were manufactured at Site C; otherwise, all of the vessels were made at the sites where they were found.
For each of Sites A through C, select Yes If the Information provided Indicates that the population at that site was both greater in Period II than Period I and greater in Period III than in Period II. Otherwise, select No.

Question100: If x is the median of a certain set of consecutive positive integers, which of the following must be true?
I. x Is positive.
II. x is even.
III. x is an integer.

Question101:

Question102: Voters in Allatia can bypass the legislature and make law by voting directly on initiatives via referenda.
Business lobbying groups have spent large sums of money in Allatia on advertising campaigns intended to influence the outcome of business-related referenda, but no initiative that received large financial support from these groups has ever become law via referendum. Nonetheless, most business lobbying groups have decided to continue spending money on advertising designed to sway voters in referenda.
Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest justification for the business groups' decision?

Question103: If n is an even Integer, which of the following must also be an even integer?

Question104: Many companies today are making new product development a central element of their competitive strategy.
Because the potential benefits of successful product innovation are great-prolonged growth, superior financial returns, and strong investor interest-many companies offer employees incentives such as promotions and bonuses for developing new products, incentives not offered for innovations in other areas of the business, firms' priorities can also be shaped by their measurement systems, since these systems can directly measure returns from new products more immediately than they can measure returns from investments in such areas as organizational restructuring or innovations in marketing.
But the organizational culture of such companies can hurt them in the marketplace because a narrow focus on product development can ultimately detract from a firm's performance. For instance, a company's ability to profit from new products can be severely hampered if it has neglected other functions and business processes.
If a company develops a superior new product but is unable to distribute and promote t rapidly, competitors with better distribution systems may copy the product and introduce It into the market before the innovator can profit from its innovation. In contrast, effective distribution, marketing, and accounting systems-that is, strong overall business systems -can act as entry barriers, deterring would-be competitors from entering a particular It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about organizational culture?

Question105: A certain municipality is deliberating over whether it will adopt a policy that would require it to have a balanced budget each year. Proponents prefer the policy because it would keep the municipality from spending more money than it receives, but critics argue that the policy should allow for exceptions so the municipality can respond to crises that might temporarily require spending beyond that amount.
From among the options below, select for Response to the critics and for Reply to that response two statements such that the first, if true, most strongly undermines the critics' argument and the second, if true, is the critics' strongest reply to that response. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question106: Researchers studying long-term changes In regional mouse populations have found that by focusing on the populations of a rare but widespread and easily identifiable species of mouse (Species X), they can make fairly accurate estimations about the total regional mouse populations.
In a report on a recent study that Included the data tables that follow, the researchers provided some addenda:
1. "The Species X population of Region CV increased by 123,995 between 1990 and 2005.
2. In contrast, the Species X population of Region EW declined by about 52% during that same time.

Question107:
The diagram shows the proposed seating assignments at a meeting of students from two schools that are to engage in a Joint science project. Each of the three large circles represents a table. Small blue circles represent students from School X and small white circles represent students from School Y.
From the drop-down menus, select the options that create the statement that is most accurate based on the given information.

Question108: Beth was charged r cents per minute for a phone call that she made and Mark was charged t cents per minute for a phone call that he made. If Beth's phone call lasted 30 minutes, did Mark's phone call last less than 30 minutes?
(1)
The total charge for Beth's phone call was 10 percent less than the total charge for Mark's phone call.
(2)
The charge per minute for Beth's phone call was 40 percent less than the charge per minute for Mark's phone call.

Question109:

Question110:

Question111: Paleontologist: Dinosaurs belonged to two major taxonomic groups, the Saurischia and the Orlnithischia.
Scientists have long known that the branch of the Saurischia from which birds are descended had primitive feathers. However, a recently discovered fossil of a previously unknown Orinithischia species also has feather-like structures. Thus, dinosaurs must have evolved feathers early in their history, before the Saurischia and Orinithischia diverged.
Which of the following is an assumption the paleontologist's argument requires?

Question112: The passage takes up the issue of aggregation of data in order to

Question113: Excavation in City Y found ten ships that all sank at the same time in the city's harbor, in one sudden event in approximately A.D. 800. One possible explanation for the sinking is a tsunami, caused by a strong earthquake from a fault under the sea about fifteen miles away. However, it is more likely that a powerful storm sank the ships, since, if an earthquake had been responsible, there would also have been major damage to the city's walls and buildings-but there apparently was no such major damage, otherwise we would have discovered records from that time mentioning major building repairs.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

Question114: The color red has been shown to induce greater aggression in people than the color blue. Researchers conducted a study to determine whether such colorinduced aggression could influence the amount that consumers were willing to pay for an identical product in online auction and online negotiation scenarios.
The researchers photographed a single item against each of four background colors: blue, gray, white, and red. Using a computer, each participant in the study viewed the item against exactly one of the four background colors. Half of the participants were told the item was up for auction and were asked to submit their highest bid for the item. The other half of the participants were told to negotiate a price with the seller and were asked to offer the highest amount that they would be willing to pay for the item.
The researchers expected that participants who viewed the red background would typically behave more aggressively than those who viewed the blue background, Among the auction group, the researchers hypothesized that more aggressive participants would submit higher bids as they tried to beat other potential bidders, Among the negotiation group, the researchers hypothesized that more aggressive participants would make lower offers as they tried to compete against the seller to get the best deal.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between the study's results and the researchers' hypotheses?

Question115: Legislator: Relatively few people in this society object to allowing the potential use of gene replacement techniques to treat disease, but most react negatively to allowing the use of such techniques to enhance people's performance in competitive sports. A clear distinction should therefore be made between medical treatment and performance enhancement when regulations concerning gene replacement are being formulated, because otherwise__________, Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Question116: In a class of 21 students, how many scored above the class average (arithmetic mean) on the final exam?
(1) The class average Is 78.
(2) The dass median is 78.

Question117: The passage most strongly indicates that the author would agree with which of the following statements?

Question118: The passage Is primarily concerned with which of the following?

Question119:
The figure above shows a playground with Its dimensions given In meters. What is the area, In square meters, on the playground?

Question120: What is the median of the data set consisting of the 5 integers d, A, 3, 5, and 2 ?
(1) The mean of the data set is 4.
(2) d>3

Question121:

Question122: Was the median height of the 25 children in a certain class at least 2 percent greater than the average (arithmetic mean) height of the 25 children?
(1) The median height of the 25 children was 2 centimetefs greater than their average height.
(2) The sun of the heights of the 25 children was less than 2,550 centimeters.

Question123:
(1) x is an even integer. (2)* Is greater than 0.

Question124: Candidate McFee received 12,000 votes, which was of the total number of votes. If .r additional people had

voted and each had voted for McFee, then McFee would

have received of the total number of votes. What is the value of x?

Question125: The only prime factors of the positive integer n are 2,3, and 5. What te the value of n ?

Question126:
Select from the drop-down menus the options that create the statement that te most clearly supported by the Information In the graph.

Question127: The passage most clearly indicates that which of the following types of evidence has been cited to support each of the theories mentioned in the first paragraph?

Question128: The company's long-term planning statement, particularly the sections condemning temporary price adjustments and new customer-service approaches, were criticized for being insufficiently responsive to the current business climate.

Question129: If we are to develop a theory of how social factors influence the evolution of languages, both the system of social network that deter mines the spread of individual changes, plus the role of dialects and

Question130: The first two sentences of the second paragraph serve primarily to

Question131: During the nineteenth century, the popularity of Charles Dickens's fiction owed much to its being so easily adaptable into effective stage versions: so that, during anv given period many as 20 London theaters might be simultaneously in production of adaptations of Dickens's latest story, and thus even nonreaders quickly became acquainted with simplified versions of his works.

Question132: A certain small company has a policy that every manager must be scheduled to be present at the company's office at any time during which all of the manager's supervisees are scheduled to be present at the office. The shifts of the three supervisees of a certain manager, in 24-hour format, are as follows:
* Employee 1-Scheduled to be present from 11:30 through 16:00 every business day
* Employee 2-Scheduled to be present from 9:00 through 14:30 every business day
* Employee 3-Scheduled to be present from 10:30 through 13:30 every business day Indicate below the earliest time and the latest time at which, based on the information provided, the manager must be scheduled to be present at the office on every business day. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question133: The table provides data about 12 different Persian rugs currently available for sale by a rug dealer. For each rug, the data includes the number of knots per square inch (KPSI) in the yarn, which is consistent throughout the rug.

Question134: In her first major cinematic role, a role she was nominated for an Ariel Award for. Salma Hayek played Alma, one of three protagonists in the highly acclaimed Mexican film ElCallejdn de bs Milagros.

Question135: Subjects asked to make which of the following predictions would be most likely to commit the fallacy discussed in the passage (if the claims of the passage are correct)?

Question136: What is the value of ac(1 - b) ?
(1) bc = c
(2) ac = 1

Question137: One year ago a window washing service charged S100 for setup and an additional $30 per hour for on-site washing. This year the company charges $20 for setup and an additional $50 per hour for on-site washing.
Which of the following is equivalent to the percentage change from last year to this year that the company charges for setup and x hours of on-site washing?
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Question138: If estuary managers were informed that Pacific temperatures near the bay are likely to fall, their taking which of the following actions would be most likely to prevent a recurrence of phytoplankton blooms?

Question139: Many of the examples In the new book about the Kamuxa culture were taken-and researchers in the nineteenth century but were not available until very recently.

Question140: Automobile manufacturers improved the miles-per-gallon performance of their cars 60 percent between 1973 and 1988, but this trend now seems to be reversing: as 1996 year when the cars going into junkyards were getting better gas mileage than the ones rolling off dealers' lots.

Question141: Ann and Bob ran 10 times around a circular path that is 15 feet wide. If Ann ran along the outside edge of the path and Bob along the inside edge, approximately how many more feet did Ann run than Bob ran?

Question142: =Psychologist: Early humans lived primarily in small bands. As a result, humans today are naturally adapted to group Interactions. Hence, social connections and participation in the community are necessary to maintain good emotional health.
Which of the following is an assumption the psychologist's argument requires?

Question143:

Question144: Despite the fact that the seeds of certain tropical trees fall mostly around the parent tree, the seeds that land farther from the parent trees of these species have the greatest chance of germinating. One hypothesis is that the effect is caused by rodents eating a larger number of seeds beside the parent tree than seeds in places farther away, but studies have shown that this is not so.
Which of the following, If true, would most help explain the effect described above?

Question145: On Monday in Los Angeles, a federal judge prohibitively banned midfreauencv active sonar in the granting of a temporary restraining order because the sound waves could hurt whales.

Question146: Until the Apollo astronauts brought samples of lunar material to Earth during 1966-72, scientists believed that the Moon's surface was largely undisturbed, given its dry, airless environment. Examination of the samples has shown otherwise. Micrometeorites, many smaller than a pencil point, constantly rain onto the Moon at up to
100,000 kilometers per hour, chipping materials or forming microscopic craters. Some melt the soil and vaporize and recondense as glassy coats on other specks of dust. Impacts weld debris into lumps of heterogeneous matter called "agglutinates." Complicated interactions with solar particle streams convert iron into myriads of microscopic iron grains. The regdith-pebbles, sand, and dust-from these erosion processes blankets the Moon. Much of the top layer consists of a complex abrasive dust of microscopic glass shards that can grind machinery and sealing devices and damage human lungs.
The Apollo specimens held by the United States are doled out in ultra-small samples to scientists who demonstrate that nothing else will suffice for high-value experiments. Renewed interest In lunar exploration in the late 1980s meant that materials designed to simulate lunar regolith-simulants-were needed for research to develop schemes for lunar building and procedures for extracting elements such as oxygen found abundantly in regolith. That led to the development of JSC-1 in 1993, made of volcanic cinder cone from a quarry in Arizona in the U.S. The more than 22 metric tons made was in high demand. Efforts are now afoot to manufacture 16 metric tons of JSC-1 A, with 1 ton of fine grains, 14 tons of moderately fine, and 1 ton of coarse.
Which of the following can most reasonably be inferred from the passage?

Question147: Public health professional: The Shoreville Department of Environmental Services (OES) has Inspected area beaches for pathogenic bacteria for more than 20 years. Currently, DES monitors 50 freshwater beaches and
10 coastal beaches on a weekly basis. Program participation by owners of beaches that are open to the public is voluntary. Owners of beaches who choose not to participate in the Program are allowing the public to recreate on entirety unmonitored beaches.
The DES now proposes adoption of the Adopt-a-Beach Program, designed to promote health and environmental education as well as public involvement in the protecting of public beaches. The program would require DES to collect biological data from all area beaches. It will also help reduce the number of beach advisories, whereby the public must be warned of dangerous conditions on certain beaches.
On the basis of the pubic heath professional's statement, indicate which of the following is most likely True of the Adopt-a-Beach program at the time of writing, and indicate which of the following is most likely False (A the program at the time of writing. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question148: Amy, Brianne, and Cedric will each choose exactly 1 container, Container X or Container Y, and then randomly pick 1 marble, without replacement, from mat container. Container X has 3 red marbles and 10 white marbles, while Container Y has 2 red marbles and 8 white marbles. If Amy and Brianne each pick 1 marble before Cedric picks 1 marble, which of these containers should Cedric choose to maximize the probability that the 1 marble he picks will be a red marble?

Question149: Because of the positive correlation across animal species between body size and home range size, researchers suspected that body size of female mallards (a species of duck) may influence their home range size. The researchers also reasoned that younger females may be forced into less suitable habitats by older females competing with them for optimal areas, with the younger females compensating by having larger home ranges.
However, their research supported neither suspicion. The failure to detect variation of range size according to body size may be due to other, undetermined mallard attributes (for example, body condition) that may have been a significant factor affecting home range size. The fact that most yearling females can breed may help to explain why the expected age effect was not confirmed, since home range size may be affected by breeding capability.
The researchers did find, however, that home range size of females was Inversely related to the percentage of the study area composed of seasonal or semipermanent wetlands. This may have been because of reduced competition for breeding space within the species when more of the wetlands were present. They also found home range size to decrease somewhat as the percentage of wood-shrub habitat increased, suggesting that reduction in visual contact among mallard pairs may reduce interaction and thus reduce competition among breeding pairs.
The author's purpose in making the statement that most yearling female mallards are able to breed is most likely in order to

Question150: Archaeologists have excavated two ancient sites, Site A and Site B, each containing bowls and dishes. A third site containing similar vessels (bowls and dishes), Site C, Is known to have existed but has not yet been located. The vessels have been dated to three successive 40-vear-long time periods (Mil).
The dishes that were found are small and plain and were made primarily for everyday use. For each site, the average population at the site for a period is known to be roughly proportional to the number of dishes found that were dated to that period.
The bowls are more elaborate, decorated In either a curvy or a rectilinear style. They were made primarily for ritual use. The numbers of bowls found indicate the level of wealth of the site's inhabitants during the period to which the bowls were dated (with greater numbers indicating greater wealth).
Documents found at Sites A and B establish that exactly 18 of the dishes found at Site A were manufactured at Site C; otherwise, all of the vessels were made at the sites where they were found.


For each of the following statements, select Yes if the Information provided supports the statement. Otherwise, select No.

Question151: If x 0, for which of the following sets of numbers is the average (arithmetic mean) equal to the median?

Question152: The real estate company pleaded guilty in a district court in failing to report all of the profits from the sale of land for the new shopping mall.

Question153: A major manufacturer of outdoor clothing spends a significant portion of its overhead costs on transportation in its home markets. Everywhere the cost of fuels, including marine and aviation fuels, has been rising steeply for the last six months. But during this period the profits of the company have tripled.
Which of the following would, if true, most help explain why the phenomenon described above occurred?

Question154:

Question155: A certain company's revenue r, in dollars, from the sale of n shirts is given by the equation r = n 2 + 10n - 5.
What is the company's revenue from the sale of 10 shirts?

Question156:
Each element in A belongs to C.
Each element in D belongs to B.

Question157: Psychologist: People tend instinctively to impose patterns on events even when such patterns are not really present. If early humans believed that a rustle in the grass indicated a dangerous predator when it was just the wind, they were more likely to survive than if they believed that it was just the wind when a dangerous predator was there. Thus, in a world of split-second interactions between predators and prey, a person who made an error of the first type was more likely to survive than a person who made an error of the second type.
So the tendency to make the first type of error is probably due to__________.
Which of the following would, if true, most logically complete the psychologist's argument?

Question158:
A company is considering replacing its periodic offsite face-to-face meetings with ones that can be conducted online In a virtual environment. The company calculated Its costs for each face-Io-face meeting as well as the initial one-time costs necessary to set up online meeting capabilities. Once those capabilities are established, the company incurs negligible additional costs for each subsequent meeting. The graphic shows the one-time cost to the company for the virtual meetings as well as the total costs for the face-to-face meetings. For example, if the company conducted 5 face-to-face meetings, then the total costs to the company for the meetings would be approximately US$20,000.

Question159: Morowa: As a general rule, those responsible for harming the environment should be responsible for fixing it.
Thus, businesses should pay for and clean up environmental
problems they cause.
Thema: Are the businesses the only ones responsible? Oftentimes, consumers drive businesses to produce products in environmentally damaging ways by primarily purchasing inexpensive items that disproportionally result in greater environmental harm.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for Morowa's argument in light of Thema's reply?

Question160:
* A +b is an even integer.
* ab is an even integer.

Question161: Which of the following statements concerning the valence model and the approach-withdrawal model most accurately reflects information provided in the Passage?

Question162:

Question163: Both high blood cholesterol and lack of exercise are associated with hypertension. One hypothesis-regarding the former association-is that hypertension does not cause high blood cholesterol but that high blood cholesterol does cause hypertension. A second hypothesis-regarding the latter association-is that physical exercise reduces hypertension.
A researcher has proposed a new theory about biochemical interactions in human blood. This theory entails that physical exercise reduces blood cholesterol levels solely as a result of its effects on hypertension. The researcher's theory necessarily_____1_____the first hypothesis if it_____2_____the second hypothesis.
In the table, select a word or phrase to fill in Blank 1 above and a word or phrase to fill in Blank 2, such that the completed sentence makes the most clearly correct statement given the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.

Question164: The ornithologist interpreted the ravens' behavior as indicating that they were looking for another bird's food cache of which it did not know its exact location.

Question165: What is the value of 1 - c - d?
(1)
c + d = 2
(2)
c = d + 1

Question166: Using computer models, ecologist Werner Kurtz is able both to weigh the effect of the beetle outbreak by indicating the health the forest would most likely be enjoying today had the beetle population not exploded and to predict the consequences for the forest should beetle population increases continue unabated.